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Operating Guides

A field guide to the financial back office

Practical guidance for bank operations, compliance, risk, fraud, and lending teams building governed AI into real workflows.

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Operating guidance by function.

Filter by the bank function responsible for the workflow. Guides may appear in more than one function when the operating decision crosses teams.

Showing 17 guides

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Guidance spanning regulated workflows, governance decisions, and operating models across the financial back office.

Concept illustration of a bank fraud team coordinating payment-response calls and an evidence timeline.
Business email compromise

Business email compromise: recovering funds and filing the SAR

When a fake email redirects a business customer’s wire, the first day decides how much money comes back. This guide covers how to recall the payment, involve the FBI and handle the SAR decision without slowing recovery.

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Isometric glass-walled review room where two analysts compare a flagged payment with a list entry beside a wooden ownership-structure model.
Sanctions alert review

Clearing or escalating a sanctions alert: matches, ownership and reporting

When the sanctions filter flags a payment, OFAC won’t tell you whether it’s a real match. This guide covers how to clear or escalate the alert, test ownership under the 50 Percent Rule and keep a record that holds up.

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Concept illustration of two credit officers tracing financial records into a commercial loan review file.
Commercial loan repayment

Documenting repayment capacity in a commercial credit file

Every commercial credit file has to show where repayment will come from and whether that cash can carry the debt. This guide covers how to calculate DSCR so a credit officer can follow every number, with a worked example.

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Isometric glass-walled review room where an analyst compares two appraisal reports while a colleague checks loan files against an open data register.
HMDA data review

How to check HMDA data against loan files

When a loan file has two incomes or two appraisals, HMDA asks for the one the bank relied on. A field-by-field method for checking your LAR before you file.

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Conceptual glass-walled review room with vendor reports, bank incident charts and a shared evidence binder.
Vendor monitoring

Ongoing third-party monitoring: checking vendor reports against your own records

Most vendor reviews just read the provider’s own report. This guide shows how to check it against what your bank actually saw, and what to do when they don’t match.

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Conceptual business-identity review room with source documents, a storefront model and an evidence handoff to a reviewer.
KYB identity review

When a business application doesn’t match the registry: resolving KYB discrepancies

What to do when a business applicant’s details don’t match the registry: what the CIP rule requires, what to ask for and how to record the resolution.

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Isometric review room where analysts compare source document trays with a draft report and an unresolved folder.
SAR narrative evidence

Writing a SAR narrative: trace every line to a record before you file

A draft SAR narrative can read well and still rest on a double-counted total. How to trace every line back to a record before it goes to the approver.

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Isometric concept illustration of a shared review team connected to a bank operations room.
AML service procurement

AML outsourcing vs. managed services: what to compare before you sign

Consultants, contractors, outsourcing and managed services can sound alike, and the labels mean different things in different contracts. This guide shows how to compare them on cost per accepted case, quality, start time and exit terms.

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Agent operating model

Build vs. buy AI agents for banks: costs, controls and timelines

Building AI agents in-house doesn’t avoid third-party risk, and buying them doesn’t move responsibility to the vendor. This guide shows how to compare both on one workflow, using full cost per output and time to production.

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Enhanced due diligence

Enhanced due diligence at a bank: a step-by-step guide

When a customer is rated higher risk, the bank needs to know who owns it, where its money comes from and whether its activity makes sense. This guide covers what triggers EDD, what to collect and how to document the risk decision.

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Isometric concept illustration of parallel software evaluation workbenches and a human reviewer.
AI compliance software

Evaluate AI compliance software with a pilot on your own cases

A vendor demo only shows the cases the vendor picked. This guide covers how to test AI compliance software on your own closed cases, complete vendor due diligence and negotiate a contract that matches what the pilot showed.

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Isometric concept illustration of connected intake, compliance review, and operations workspaces.
Onboarding capacity

How to clear a business onboarding backlog at a bank

A business onboarding backlog looks like one long line, but files get stuck for different reasons. This guide shows how to sort them by what they’re waiting on, fix each cause and use FinCEN’s 2026 relief to cut repeat ownership requests.

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Isometric concept illustration of parallel document lanes supporting a small AML review team.
AML capacity planning

How to plan AML investigator capacity before the backlog hits

AML teams usually find out they’re short-staffed when the backlog is already there. This guide shows how to forecast investigator hours for the next two quarters and agree in advance on what happens when demand gets close to the limit.

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Isometric concept illustration of alert folders separated into review and exception trays.
AML alert review

How to reduce AML alert review time without missing suspicious activity

Raising thresholds is the quickest way to cut alerts, and the easiest way to miss suspicious activity. This guide covers how to reduce review time without changing detection, and how to test a rule change before you make it.

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Isometric concept illustration of connected financial-crime intake, analysis, and review rooms.
Financial-crime workflow

How to route AML and fraud cases without losing evidence or the SAR clock

When a case moves from fraud to AML to the SAR decision, evidence gets lost and teams argue about when the filing clock started. This guide covers how to set one detection date and one case record that every team adds to.

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Isometric concept illustration of source records converging into an analyst's case file.
AML case-file assembly

What belongs in an AML case file, and how to build one faster

What should an AML case file include? A step-by-step guide for BSA/AML investigators, from logging every search to keeping the file under the right retention rule.

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Isometric concept illustration of a model-validation room with test evidence and review displays.
AI model risk

What SR 26-2 means for AI tools at banks, and how to test them

SR 26-2 replaced SR 11-7 in April 2026, and it doesn’t cover generative or agentic AI. This guide explains how to classify each part of an AI tool and test it on your own closed cases.

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